Air freight is a vital logistics solution that ensures the rapid, seguro, e transporte eficiente de mercadorias nos mercados globais, atendendo às demandas de indústrias de ritmo acelerado e entregas urgentes.
Definition of air freight
Air freight refers to the transportation of goods by aircraft, typically used for fast, long-distance deliveries. It is the quickest mode of transport, ideal for time-sensitive, alto valor, ou produtos perecíveis. Air freight enables businesses to move products across countries and continents with high speed and reliability, making it an essential component of global trade and logistics.
The Importance of Air Freight in Global Trade
Air freight is crucial in today’s global supply chain, offering unmatched speed and reliability for time-sensitive shipments. It enables businesses to quickly move goods across vast distances, ensuring timely deliveries and reducing transit times. Huazong Logistics leverages its strong partnerships with leading airlines and a global network to provide rápido, seguro, e econômico air freight services. Nosso 98-hour U.S. air freight express service guarantees on-time delivery, with compensation for any delays, making air freight an essential solution for businesses needing quick, confiável, and secure transportation.
Why choose to ship by air from China?
Advantages of air Freight from China
Custo-benefício
Air freight from China is increasingly cost-effective for businesses seeking fast delivery at competitive rates. Embora normalmente mais caro que o frete marítimo, air freight offers faster transit times, which can be ideal for time-sensitive goods. Por exemplo, shipping smaller quantities or high-value items by air can often provide a better value compared to slower, métodos mais tradicionais.
Capacidade para grandes remessas
Air freight can handle large shipments, though typically on a smaller scale compared to sea freight. With the use of large cargo aircraft, it is possible to transport bulk goods quickly, making it ideal for industries like eletrônica e produtos farmacêuticos, where product urgency is key. While air freight may not be as cost-effective for extremely large shipments, it offers significant advantages in speed.
Accessibility of Major Airports
China’s major airports, como Xangai Pudong, Capital de Pequim, e Cantão Baiyun, are some of the most accessible in the world. These airports are equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and technology, ensuring efficient cargo handling and reducing delays. Strategically located, these airports are well connected to global air transport routes, making them key hubs for international trade and fast logistics.
China’s Role in Global Air Freight Trade
Major Export Items and Air Freight Demand
China plays a crucial role in global air freight, exportando uma ampla gama de produtos, incluindo eletrônica, maquinaria, têxteis, e móveis. Em 2022, China’s export volume exceeded $3 trilhão, highlighting its significant presence in the global air cargo sector. As export volumes rise, the demand for efficient air transport services has grown, making China’s air freight industry a vital part of global logistics networks.
Major Airports and Their Strategic Importance in Air Freight
China’s major airports, como Aeroporto Internacional de Xangai Pudong e Aeroporto Internacional de Pequim Capital, are key hubs in global air freight. These airports handle millions of tons of cargo annually, ensuring the fast and efficient movement of goods worldwide. Their strategic locations and state-of-the-art facilities provide strong support for international trade, helping businesses achieve timely, reliable global deliveries. The efficiency of these airports is critical for ensuring goods reach their destinations on time within the global air freight network.
Major airports in China
Top Ports
Aeroporto Internacional de Pequim Capital (PEK)
One of China’s busiest airports and also among the busiest airports in the world. Beijing Capital serves as a major hub for both passenger traffic and air freight, connecting China with key global destinations.
Aeroporto Internacional de Xangai Pudong (PVG)
Pudong Airport is one of China’s most important international airports and a major air freight hub. It handles a significant amount of global cargo and is crucial for international trade and logistics.
Aeroporto Internacional de Cantão Baiyun (CAN)
A key airport in southern China, Guangzhou Baiyun handles a large volume of both passengers and cargo. It plays a central role in connecting China with Europe, Ásia, e as Américas.
Aeroporto Internacional de Shenzhen Bao'an (SZX)
Localizado no sul da China, Shenzhen Bao’an is a major gateway for both international flights and cargo, especially in electronics and consumer goods, supporting global supply chains.
Aeroporto Internacional de Hong Kong (HKG)
One of the world’s busiest and most important air cargo hubs. Hong Kong International Airport handles a large volume of freight and is strategically located as a global trade nexus.
Aeroporto Internacional de Chengdu Shuangliu (CTU)
A rising star in southwestern China, Chengdu Shuangliu is an increasingly important hub for both passengers and cargo, linking the region to the global market.
Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport (SHA)
While primarily serving domestic flights, Hongqiao Airport also plays an important role in air freight, especially for the logistics and freight needs in the greater Shanghai area.
Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport (CKG)
As a major airport in southwestern China, Chongqing Jiangbei is an important hub for both domestic and international flights, with increasing capacity for air cargo.
Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport (SHA)
While primarily serving domestic flights, Hongqiao Airport also plays an important role in air freight, especially for the logistics and freight needs in the greater Shanghai area.
Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport (CKG)
As a major airport in southwestern China, Chongqing Jiangbei is an important hub for both domestic and international flights, with increasing capacity for air cargo.
Nanjing Lukou International Airport (NKG)
The main international airport in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Lukou is becoming a key air freight hub in the Yangtze River Delta region.
Aeroporto Internacional de Tianjin Binhai (TSN)
Located in northern China, Tianjin Binhai serves as an important gateway for both passenger flights and cargo, especially in industrial sectors.
Air Freight Facilities and Services
Capacidade de movimentação de carga
China’s major airports are equipped with state-of-the-art cargo handling systems, including high-capacity automated systems and advanced ground support equipment. These airports can efficiently handle millions of tons of air cargo annually. The high handling capacity ensures the smooth and rapid transfer of goods from aircraft to warehouses, minimizing turnaround time and improving overall efficiency in the air freight process.
Soluções de armazenamento e armazenamento
Airports like Xangai Pudong e Hong Kong International provide extensive warehousing and storage facilities designed for air freight. These include temperature-controlled warehouses for sensitive products such as pharmaceuticals and perishable goods, assim como bulk storage options for larger cargo. These facilities ensure that goods are safely stored until they are ready for onward distribution, offering a wide range of services to meet the diverse needs of global trade.
Conectividade com transporte terrestre
Major Chinese airports are seamlessly connected to inland transportation networks, incluindo highways, ferrovias, e road freight systems. This connectivity is vital for the swift movement of goods from the airport to their final destination across China and globally. Por exemplo, Aeroporto Internacional de Xangai Pudong is well-connected to the Yangtze River Delta’s rail and road networks, facilitating rapid distribution of goods. De forma similar, Aeroporto Internacional de Cantão Baiyun has strong logistics links to the rest of Southern China, ensuring quick and efficient inland transportation for air freight.
Major Ports in China – Overview
Ready to streamline your sea freight from China? Choose Huazong Logistics Envio for reliable, eficiente, and cost-effective logistics solutions. We have offices in all major ports, including Shanghai, Shenzhen, Ningbo-Zhoushan, Cantão, Qingdao, Tianjin, e Hong Kong. Contact Huazong Logistics Shipping now to start your seamless shipping experience!
Air Freight Process from China
Guia passo a passo
Reservando uma remessa
Booking a shipment is the first step in the air freight process. Choose a despachante confiável by comparing quotes and services. Forneça informações detalhadas sobre sua remessa, como o tipo de mercadorias, volume, peso, e destino. Air freight requires accurate information because costs are often based on the chargeable weight, which is a combination of the actual weight and volume of the goods.
Em 2022, air exports from China reached over 2 million tons of freight, emphasizing the need for efficient booking to meet global demand.
Requisitos de embalagem e rotulagem
Apropriado embalagem e rotulagem are crucial for safety and compliance, especially for air shipments. Goods must be packed in a way that ensures they are protected from damage during the quick and sometimes bumpy transit. Usar materiais duráveis and ensure that each package is clearly labeled with the endereço de destino, instruções de manuseio, e qualquer hazardous material warnings.
Airlines and airports are strict about regulations, e incorrect labeling ou poor packaging can cause delays or rejections at customs. Industry standards show that compliance with proper packaging and labeling can reduce delays by 15-20%.
Procedimentos de desembaraço aduaneiro
Customs clearance is a vital part of the air freight process. This step involves preparing and submitting the essential documents como o fatura comercial, lista de embalagem, em uma carta de porte (AWB), e conhecimento de embarque.
Documentação imprecisa ou incompleta pode resultar em atrasos alfandegários, leading to additional costs of up to $500 por dia em média. Since air cargo typically moves faster, ensuring smooth customs clearance is even more crucial to prevent bottlenecks. Work closely with your freight forwarder to meet all import/export regulations and ensure smooth processing through customs.
Carregamento e Transporte
Uma vez que as mercadorias passam pela alfândega, eles são loaded onto aircraft, often through correias transportadoras ou forklifts depending on the airport’s equipment. Air freight loading requires careful handling to prevent damage and ensure proper weight distribution.
China’s major international airports, como Beijing Capital Airport e Shanghai Pudong International, handle millions of tons of air freight annually, tornando essenciais práticas de carregamento eficientes para evitar atrasos.
O aircraft then transports the goods to the destination airport, usually adhering to a tight schedule that ensures timely delivery. O velocidade of air freight is one of its key advantages, com tempos de trânsito normalmente variando de 1-7 dias dependendo do destino.
Entrega e Descarga no Destino
Upon arrival at the destination airport, goods are unloaded and undergo desembaraço alfandegário. Semelhante ao processo de partida, customs clearance at the destination requires proper documentation and accurate declarations.
Uma vez limpo, your freight forwarder will manage the logistics to move goods from the airport to the final delivery point, either by caminhão ou transporte ferroviário. Ensure that all paperwork is in order to avoid delays. Efficient unloading and delivery are critical, as air freight typically involves time-sensitive shipments, and any delays can significantly impact supply chain operations.
Types of Air Freight Services
FCL (Carga Completa)
Benefícios e cenários de uso
FCL in air freight, ou Carga Completa, refers to a shipment where an entire aircraft is used to transport goods. This method is suitable for businesses with large quantities ou alto valor remessas. Benefits include lower cost per unit, espaço de carga dedicado, e manuseio mais rápido as the shipment is not shared with others. Por exemplo, um pharmaceutical company shipping a large batch of medical equipment may prefer FCL due to the urgency, segurança, and high value of the cargo.
LCL (Menos que a carga de carga)
Benefícios e cenários de uso
LCL, ou Menos que a carga de carga, is ideal for remessas menores that do not require a full aircraft. Vários remetentes compartilham espaço no mesmo voo, which makes LCL more econômico for smaller businesses or occasional shipments. Benefits include lower upfront costs, flexibilidade, e a capacidade de enviar volumes menores com eficiência. Por exemplo, um fashion retailer exporting 100 boxes of clothing to various destinations can benefit from LCL because it reduces the shipping cost compared to a full cargo load.
Serviços fretados
Benefícios e cenários de uso
Charter services involve hiring an entire aircraft for a single shipment, typically used for urgente ou carga especializada that needs to be delivered quickly. This service is often chosen for high-priority deliveries, como time-sensitive parts for the automotive industry or emergency medical supplies. Benefits include guaranteed capacity, rotas diretas, e flexibilidade to schedule flights according to the shipper’s needs. Por exemplo, um medical device company needing to ship urgent medical equipment can use charter services for faster and more controlled delivery.
CÉREBRO (Roll-on/Roll-off) para frete aéreo
Benefícios e cenários de uso
While CÉREBRO is typically used for frete marítimo, air freight also offers specialized services for shipping vehicles and large machinery, albeit less common. Some air cargo carriers provide Roll-on/Roll-off services para carga especializada, como aircraft components, military vehicles, ou luxury cars. The key benefit of RORO in air freight is the ease of loading/unloading and ability to move large items without additional packaging. Por exemplo, um aviation company transporting large aircraft parts could benefit from RORO services as it simplifies the loading process.
Frete Especializado (Temperatura controlada, Perigoso, ou carga superdimensionada)
Benefícios e cenários de uso
Specialized air freight services cater to specific needs like bens sensíveis à temperatura, mercadorias perigosas, ou carga superdimensionada. These services are offered on dedicated flights or specially configured aircraft to accommodate the unique requirements of such shipments. Por exemplo, food exporters shipping fresh produce or frozen items would use temperature-controlled air freight to ensure the goods arrive in perfect condition. De forma similar, chemicals or pharmaceuticals may require specialized packaging and handling due to their hazardous nature.
Air Freight Service Overview
TIPO DE SERVIÇO BENEFÍCIOS CENÁRIOS DE USO FCL (Carga Completa) Menor custo por unidade, espaço dedicado, manuseio mais rápido Grandes volumes, por exemplo, remessas farmacêuticas de alto valor ou exportações de eletrônicos LCL (Menos que a carga de carga) Custos iniciais mais baixos, flexibilidade Remessas menores, por exemplo, 50 caixas de roupas de uma pequena empresa Serviços fretados Capacidade garantida, rotas diretas, flexibilidade Carga urgente ou especializada, por exemplo, equipamento médico sensível ao tempo CÉREBRO (Roll-on/Roll-off) Facilidade de carga/descarga, eficiência de custos Grandes máquinas ou veículos, por exemplo, peças de aeronaves ou carros de luxo Frete Especializado (Temperatura controlada, Perigoso, ou carga superdimensionada) Controle de temperatura, segurança, precisão de manuseio Bens sensíveis, por exemplo, exportações de alimentos frescos, produtos químicos perigosos, ou máquinas de grandes dimensões
Air Freight Shipping Costs from China
Repartição dos Custos
Taxas de envio
Shipping rates are a major component of air freight costs. These rates depend on the peso e volume da carga, bem como o distância between the origin and destination airports. Por exemplo, enviando um 100 kg shipment from Shanghai to Los Angeles can cost between $1,500 para $3,000, depending on the size and type of cargo, e condições de mercado.
Direitos Aduaneiros e Impostos
Os direitos aduaneiros e impostos são cobrados pelo país de destino. These costs vary based on the tipo de mercadorias e seus declared value. Por exemplo, importing eletrônica into the US incurs a duty of around 5-10% do valor do envio. Adicionalmente, air freight shipments may incur taxas de manuseio ou sobretaxas de combustível at destination airports.
Seguro
Insurance protects your goods against perda ou dano durante o trânsito. O custo do seguro normalmente varia de 0.3% para 0.5% do valor da carga. Para itens de alto valor, como eletrônica, produtos farmacêuticos, ou maquinaria, investing in insurance is crucial to mitigate risks and ensure financial protection during air transit.
Taxas de manuseio e logística
Handling and logistics fees cover the costs of loading, descarregando, and transporting goods within airports. Essas taxas podem variar de $100 para $300 per shipment and include services like cargo handling fees, airline security charges, e taxas de documentação. Dependendo da complexidade da carga, essas taxas podem ser mais altas.
Fatores que influenciam os custos
Peso e Volume
O peso e volume of your shipment significantly impact air freight costs. Heavier and bulkier shipments tend to incur higher charges due to the space they occupy on the aircraft. Por exemplo, a shipment of maquinaria will cost more than a smaller, lighter shipment of roupas due to its size and weight. Charges are typically based on either the peso real ou peso volumétrico, o que for maior.
Taxas do aeroporto de destino
Different airports have varying fee structures, depending on the traffic and services provided. Destination airport fees can include desembaraço alfandegário, taxas de manuseio, taxas de armazenamento, e entrega para o destino final. High-traffic airports like Los Angeles International Airport (RELAXADO) tend to have higher fees compared to smaller or regional airports.
Variações sazonais
Air freight rates can fluctuate based on demanda sazonal. Durante as temporadas de pico, como o holiday period ou Ano Novo Chinês, as taxas de envio podem aumentar em 20-30% due to higher demand for air cargo capacity. Este período vê um influxo de remessas, particularly for industries like eletrônica e retail, which can drive up both air freight rates and handling charges.
Cost-Saving Tips for Air Freight
Consolidando Remessas
Consolidating smaller shipments into one larger shipment can save costs in air freight as well. By combining multiple shipments from different suppliers into one, you can benefit from reduced taxas de envio and minimized taxas de manuseio. Por exemplo, rather than sending several small packages from multiple suppliers, consolidating them into one shipment can lower the overall shipping cost and reduce the per-unit cost of delivery.
Escolhendo o Incoterm Certo
Selecionando o apropriado Incoterm can greatly influence the total cost of air freight. Incoterms como FOB (Gratuito a bordo) ou EXW (Ex-obra) clearly define the cost responsibilities between the buyer and seller. These terms determine who is responsible for freight, seguro, direitos aduaneiros, e outros encargos. By understanding these terms, you can avoid unexpected expenses and ensure you’re not overpaying for services that should be handled by your supplier.
Negociação de taxas com despachantes
Negotiating rates with multiple air freight forwarders can lead to better deals. As air freight costs are often influenced by factors like sobretaxas de combustível e carrier space availability, working with different forwarders allows you to compare rates and choose the most cost-effective option. Establishing a long-term relationship with a trusted forwarder can also help secure discounts ou preferential rates. Por exemplo, signing a contract for regular shipments could reduce per-shipment costs by 10-20%, especially if you ship high volumes.
Visão geral dos custos de frete marítimo
| COMPONENTE DE CUSTO | DETALHES |
|---|---|
| Taxas de envio | $1,500 – $3,000 for a 100kg shipment from China to the US |
| Direitos Aduaneiros e Impostos | 5-10% of shipment value for electronics in the US |
| Seguro | 0.3% – 0.5% do valor da carga |
| Taxas de manuseio e logística | $100 – $300 por remessa (depending on weight and volume) |
| Fatores que influenciam os custos | Peso, volume, destination airport fees, variações sazonais |
| Dicas para economizar custos | Consolidando remessas, choosing the right Incoterm, negociação de taxas |
Transit Times for Air Freight from China
Fatores que afetam os tempos de trânsito
Distância até o destino
O distância between the origin and destination airports is a key factor in air freight transit times. Longer distances naturally result in longer flight times. Por exemplo, shipping from China to the US West Coast normalmente leva 1-3 dias, while shipping to Europa generally takes 2-5 dias depending on the exact route and flight frequency.
Rota de voo
O flight route taken by the aircraft can also impact transit times. Direct flights are typically faster than those with layovers or multiple stops. Por exemplo, a direct flight from Xangai para Nova Iorque is quicker than one that includes a stopover in Hong Kong or another airport. Routes passing through busy airspaces or requiring multiple stops may also lead to longer transit times.
Companhia Aérea e Tipo de Aeronave
Different airlines e aircraft types may influence how long air shipments take. Larger cargo planes with more frequent flights can often offer faster and more reliable delivery. Por outro lado, smaller cargo aircraft or flights with limited availability might take longer or face delays. The choice of airline can impact both cost and transit time, especialmente durante as temporadas de pico de envio.
Congestionamento aeroportuário e desembaraço aduaneiro
Airport congestion, especially at major international hubs like Xangai Pudong ou Los Angeles International Airport (RELAXADO), can cause delays in loading, descarregando, e desembaraço aduaneiro. Além disso, desembaraço alfandegário at the destination airport is another critical factor—if documents are incomplete or if additional inspections are required, it could cause delays. Efficient customs procedures and streamlined operations can help save several hours or even days in transit time.
Average Transit Times for Air Freight from China
China para América do Norte
The average transit time for air freight from China to North America typically ranges from 1 para 3 dias for the Costa Oeste (por exemplo, Los Angeles ou São Francisco) due to the shorter distance. Para o Costa Leste (por exemplo, Nova Iorque ou Chicago), it may take around 2 para 4 dias, dependendo da rota específica, airline, and layovers.
China para Europa
Transit times from China to Europe generally range from 2 para 5 dias, depending on the specific airports involved. Major European airports like Francoforte, Londres Heathrow, e ParisCharles de Gaulle frequently receive air cargo from China. Direct flights are quicker, but connecting flights or layovers may add a day or two to the delivery time.
China para África e Médio Oriente
Air freight from China to África e o Médio Oriente varies widely based on the destination. Shipping to major hubs in the Médio Oriente, como Dubai, generally takes 3 para 5 dias. Shipments to África Ocidental (por exemplo, Lagos, Acra) typically take around 5 para 7 dias depending on the specific airline and whether the flight is direct or has layovers.
Air Freight Transit Time Overview
| DESTINATION REGION | AVERAGE TRANSIT TIME | KEY FACTORS IMPACTING TIME |
|---|---|---|
| América do Norte (Costa Oeste) | 1 para 3 dias | Distância, voos diretos, eficiência da companhia aérea |
| América do Norte (Costa Leste) | 2 para 4 dias | Distância maior, potential layovers, flight frequency |
| Europa | 2 para 5 dias | Rotas diretas, eficiência aeroportuária, desembaraço alfandegário |
| Médio Oriente | 3 para 5 dias | Rotas diretas, efficient airports |
| África | 5 para 7 dias | Distância, escalas, congestionamento do aeroporto, available flights |
Container Types and Sizes for Air Freight
Contêineres Padrão (ULD – Dispositivo de carga unitária)
In air freight, recipientes padrão are referred to as Dispositivos de carga unitária (ULD), which come in various sizes. The most common ULD types are the LD3 e LD9, com o LD3 container typically having a volume capacity of around 1.5 para 3 metros cúbicos e o LD9 container holding around 4 para 5 metros cúbicos. These containers are designed to fit into the cargo hold of aircraft. Some larger paletes ou recipientes como o PMC (Palletized Master Carton) can accommodate up to 6 para 10 metros cúbicos de carga, depending on the aircraft type.
Contêineres Especializados (Refrigerador, Volume, Carga Superdimensionada)
Air freight also includes specialized containers for unique shipping requirements.
Contêineres frigoríficos are temperature-controlled and ideal for shipping bens perecíveis, como produtos farmacêuticos, fresh food, ou vacinas.
Contentores a granel are used to carry large quantities of bulk goods like chemicals or grains, but these are less common in air freight due to space constraints.
Carga superdimensionada is typically shipped on paletes ou platforms that don’t fit into standard containers, and often requires special arrangements e charter services for transport.
Pallets and Cartons for Air Freight
Tamanhos e tipos de paletes padrão
Pallets in air freight are used to consolidate smaller packages into a single, unidade fácil de manusear. Common standard pallet sizes são:
48 x 40 polegadas (EUA)
1200 x 1000 milímetros (Europa)
Air freight pallets are generally made of madeira, plástico, ou metal, with plastic pallets being preferred for hygiene-sensitive cargo such as medical supplies or food products.
Diretrizes de embalagem para paletes e caixas
Proper packaging is vital in air freight to ensure the safety and security of goods. As caixas devem ser resistentes o suficiente para suportar o manuseio e o empilhamento, and should be sized to fit the pallet tightly to prevent shifting. Cushioning materials like foam, plástico bolha, or air pillows are used to protect the contents. Para envio internacional, it’s important to follow packaging guidelines for hazardous goods ou itens perecíveis para evitar atrasos alfandegários.
Protegendo e etiquetando remessas
Air freight shipments should be properly secured using alças, envoltório retrátil, ou protetores de canto to stabilize the load and prevent damage during transit. Clear labeling is essential for the smooth flow of goods through customs. Each pallet or carton should be labeled with the endereço de destino, instruções de manuseio, e tracking barcodes for efficient monitoring. Correct labeling can reduce handling errors by até 30%, garantindo que as remessas cheguem ao destino correto sem problemas.
Visão geral dos contêineres, Paletes, e caixas
| Carregando Tipo de Unidade | DESCRIPTION | USE CASE |
|---|---|---|
| Air Cargo ULD (Padrão) | Standardized air container (por exemplo, Tanque LD3 1.5 capacidade m³) | Carga geral, Bagagem |
| Reefer Air Container | Temperatura controlada, air-cargo-sized design | Perecíveis (produtos frescos), produtos farmacêuticos |
| Air Pallet | Palete leve + rede, fits cargo hold space | Carga a granel, mercadorias embaladas irregularmente |
| Live Animal Air Crate | Ventilado, com temperatura controlada, resistente a impactos (atende aos padrões de transporte aéreo) | Animais de estimação, animais de laboratório |
| Dangerous Goods Air Container | À prova de explosão, à prova de vazamentos, antiestático (complies with air 危险品 regulations) | Mercadorias perigosas regulamentadas (por exemplo, baterias de lítio, produtos químicos) |
China Air Transport Incoterms
Visão geral dos Incoterms
Definition and Importance
Common Incoterms in Air Freight
EXW (Ex-obra)
FCA (Operadora Gratuita)
CPT (Transporte pago para)
CIP (Transporte e seguro pagos)
PAD (Entregue no local)
Escolhendo o Incoterm Certo
Distribuição de riscos e custos
Responsabilidades do comprador e do vendedor
Overview of Common Incoterms
| Incoterm | Principais responsabilidades do vendedor | Principais responsabilidades do comprador | Ponto de transferência de risco | Ideal Air Freight Scenario |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXW | Disponibilizar mercadorias nas suas instalações | Lidar com todo o transporte (from seller’s location to final destination), desembaraço alfandegário, custos, e riscos | Quando as mercadorias são disponibilizadas ao comprador nas instalações do vendedor | Buyers with established air freight logistics capabilities |
| FCA | Entregar mercadorias à transportadora designada (por exemplo, freight forwarder’s warehouse near departure airport) | Arrange air carriage (from carrier onward), desembaraço alfandegário, transporte de última milha, e custos associados | When goods are handed over to the designated carrier | Transactions needing flexible coordination of air cargo resources |
| CPT | Pay air freight to the destination airport; entregar mercadorias ao transportador | Organizar seguro de carga, transporte (after destination airport), desembaraço alfandegário, e custos associados | Quando as mercadorias são entregues ao transportador | Standard air shipments where the buyer prefers to arrange their own insurance |
| CIP | Pay air freight + providenciar seguro básico de carga; entregar mercadorias ao transportador | Handle transport (after destination airport), desembaraço alfandegário, e custos associados | Quando as mercadorias são entregues ao transportador | Remessas aéreas de mercadorias frágeis ou de alto valor (por exemplo, eletrônica, produtos farmacêuticos) |
| PAD | Arrange transport to the buyer’s named location; assumir todos os riscos de trânsito (excluindo direitos de importação) | Lidar com o desembaraço aduaneiro de importação e pagar as taxas aplicáveis | When goods are made available at the buyer’s named location | Transactions where the buyer wants a streamlined logistics process |
Choosing the right Incoterm ensures a suave e eficiente processo de envio, tailored to your specific needs and capabilities.
Choosing a Reliable Air Freight Forwarder
Principais considerações
Experiência e reputação
Rede e Parcerias
Atendimento e Suporte ao Cliente
Top Freight Forwarders in China
Documentação e Conformidade
Documentos essenciais
Na carta de porte (AWB)
Fatura Comercial
Lista de embalagem
Certificado de Origem
Conformidade com os regulamentos de comércio internacional
Regulamentos de importação/exportação
Sanções e restrições comerciais
Rotas de envio e tempos de trânsito
Major Air Shipping Routes from China
Ásia para América do Norte
Ásia para Europa
Ásia para África e Médio Oriente
Tempos de trânsito estimados
Fatores que afetam os tempos de trânsito
Average Times for Major Routes
| Rota | Tempo médio de trânsito | Fatores-chave |
|---|---|---|
| Ásia para América do Norte | 2 para 5 dias | Direct flight availability, airport customs efficiency |
| Ásia para Europa | 1 para 3 dias | Daily direct flights, hub airport operations |
| Ásia para África e Médio Oriente | 2 para 6 dias | Connecting flight frequency, destination airport capacity |
- Ásia para América do Norte: Direct flights to the US West Coast typically take 2–3 days, while to the East Coast, it can take 3–5 days (including layover for connecting flights).
- Ásia para Europa: Direct flights range from 1–3 days, with major hubs offering same-day or next-day delivery for urgent cargo.
- Ásia para África e Médio Oriente: Remessas para o Oriente Médio (por exemplo, Dubai) take 2–3 days via direct flights; shipments to Africa may take 4–6 days due to limited direct routes.
Desafios e soluções em frete marítimo da China
Desafios Comuns
Atrasos e interrupções
Delays and disruptions are common in sea freight, often caused by condições climáticas, greves trabalhistas, e technical issues with vessels. Por exemplo, typhoons in the Pacific can delay shipments by several days. Em 2021, port closures due to COVID-19 outbreaks also caused significant disruptions, affecting global supply chains.
Congestionamento portuário
Congestionamento portuário is a major issue at busy Chinese ports like Xangai e Shenzhen. High volumes of cargo and limited handling capacity can lead to bottlenecks and long wait times for vessels to dock and unload. This congestion can extend delivery times by several days or even weeks, impacting the entire logistics chain.
Mudanças regulatórias
Frequent mudanças regulatórias can complicate sea freight operations. Changes in regulamentos aduaneiros, tarifas, e import/export policies can affect shipping schedules and costs. Por exemplo, new environmental regulations on sulfur emissions from ships have increased operational costs for shipping companies, which can be passed on to the shippers.
Soluções Eficazes
Choosing the Right Shipping Schedule
Selecionando o right shipping schedule can help mitigate delays. Shippers should plan shipments during off-peak times to avoid congestion. Por exemplo, avoiding the pre-Chinese New Year rush can result in faster processing and fewer delays. Using advanced planning tools can help identify the best times to ship goods.
Diversifying Ports of Entry
Diversifying ports of entry can reduce reliance on congested ports and mitigate delays. Instead of shipping exclusively to high-traffic ports like Shanghai, consider using alternative ports such as Ningbo-Zhoushan ou Tianjin. These ports often have shorter wait times and can provide more efficient handling of goods.
Staying Updated with Trade News
Keeping updated with trade news is crucial for anticipating and responding to changes in the shipping landscape. Subscribing to industry newsletters, adesão a associações comerciais, and following relevant news sources can provide timely information on regulatory changes, port conditions, and other factors affecting sea freight. This proactive approach allows shippers to adjust their strategies and minimize disruptions.
Visão geral dos desafios e soluções
| Desafios | Soluções |
|---|---|
| Atrasos e interrupções | Escolha o cronograma de envio correto |
| Congestionamento portuário | Diversify ports of entry |
| Mudanças regulatórias | Fique atualizado com notícias comerciais |
By understanding these common challenges and implementing effective solutions, businesses can navigate the complexities of sea freight from China more efficiently, ensuring timely and cost-effective delivery of goods.
Frequently asked questions
At what Volume is Sea Freight Financially Attractive?
Above 2 CBM, you have to consider sea shipping. If your volume is less than 2 CBM, air freight may be cheaper.
Should I Prefer Consolidation or Full Container?
If your cargo volume is less than 15 CBM, LCL consolidation is better and cheaper. Above 15 CBM, the full container is the best option.
How to Choose the Port of Departure?
Depending on 2 criteria: The address of the fornecedor, prefer a port of departure close to the supplier’s factory or warehouse. Além disso, you should choose the port according to the price. The larger the port, the lower the price.
What are the Main Shipping Companies Departing from Chinese Ports?
As China is the world’s largest exporter, all shipping companies are present, for example the main ones we like to work with: CHINA SHIPPING, MAERSK, CMA-CGM, MSC, ONE.
How is Ocean Freight Charged?
If you opt for groupage, you are charged per CBM. Por exemplo, a China-US groupage costs $30/CBM, para 1 month of transit, while a China-India groupage costs $20/CBM for 15 days of transit.
Como escolher um despachante marítimo confiável?
Check if it really exists, and if it has offices in China, ideally in the main Chinese ports. If you want the best, Huazong Logistics Shipping is at your service.
How to Avoid Freight Forwarding Scams?
Don’t be naive. Prices that are too low or offers that are too tempting usually hide unpleasant surprises.Huazong Logistics Shipping is your best option for transporting your products by sea.
